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- Logotherapy
- One of the three Viennese schools of psychology
- Sigmund Freud: psychoanalysis
- Alfred Adler: individual psychology. More at đź“–Â The courage to be happy
- Viktor Frankl: logotherapy
- patient is confronted with and reoriented toward the meaning of his life
Nietzsche: “He who has a why to live for can bear almost any how.”
- Why the lack of purpose is common
- Human lost basic animal instinct
- Old traditions are lost in modern society
- Natural tendencies:
- Conformism: do what others do
- Totalitarianism: do what others wish they do
- How to fix
- One has to find their own meaning
- How to find meaning:
- From work
- By experiencing something good, or love
- Through suffering, by transforming suffering to triumph
- Provided that the suffering is unavoidable. To suffer unnecessarily is masochistic rather than heroic.
- More specifics
- Perspective on transitoriness
- the only transitory aspects of life are the potentialities; but as soon as they are actualized, they are rendered realities → saved in the past
- So transitoriness does not make life meaningless
- Aging: I have realities in my past, not only the reality of work done and of love loved, but of sufferings bravely suffered.
- hyper intension
- “Fear is the mother of the event” (more fear = more likely the thing feared will happen)
- Likewise, forced wish makes impossible the thing wished for (e.g. happiness, laughter)
- Therefore happiness cannot be pursued. It must ensue (as a byproduct)
- Paradoxical intention: a technique that replaces fear with paradoxical wish/try the opposite (make use of humor)
- On freedom
- Human is self determining
- Every person can change. E.g. A bad person can change for good. Individuals are unpredictable.
- Freedom must be supplemented by responsibility
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